SNPMiner Trials by Shray Alag


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Report for Mutation I148M

Developed by Shray Alag, 2020.
SNP Clinical Trial Gene

There are 3 clinical trials

Clinical Trials


1 Effects of Overfeeding Followed by Weight Loss on Liver Fat Content and Adipose Tissue Inflammation

A. BACKGROUND Accumulation of fat in the liver due to non-alcoholic causes (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, which impairs the ability of insulin to inhibit the production of glucose and VLDL . This leads to increases in serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations as well as hyperinsulinemia. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that a major reason for the metabolic syndrome as well as the accompanying increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is overconsumption of simple sugars. The investigators have recently shown that overeating simple sugars (1000 extra calories/day, "CANDY" diet) increases liver fat content by 30% within 3 weeks (4), and recapitulates features of the metabolic syndrome such as hypertriglyceridemia and a low HDL cholesterol concentration. The fatty acids in intrahepatocellular triglycerides may originate from peripheral lipolysis, de novo lipogenesis, uptake of chylomicron remnants by the liver and from hepatic uptake of fatty acids released during intravascular hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (the spillover pathway). A classic study using stable isotope methodology by the group of Elisabeth Parks showed that in subjects with NAFLD, the excess intrahepatocellular triglycerides originate from peripheral lipolysis and de novo lipogenesis. It is well-established that ingestion of a high carbohydrate as compared to high fat diet stimulates de novo lipogenesis in humans. Meta-analyses comparing isocaloric high fat and high carbohydrate diets have shown that high carbohydrate but not high fat diets increase increase serum triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol. Since hypertriglyceridemia results from overproduction of VLDL from the liver, these data suggest the composition of the diet influences hepatic lipid metabolism. Whether this is because overfeeding fat leads to preferential deposition of fat in adipose tissue while high carbohydrate diets induce a relative greater increase in liver fat is unknown. There are no previous studies comparing effects of chronic overfeeding of fat as compared to carbohydrate on liver fat or and the sources of intrahepatic fatty acids. A common polymorphism in PNPLA3 at rs738409 (adiponutrin) gene is associated with a markedly increase liver fat content. This finding has been replicated in at least 20 studies across the world. The investigators have shown that PNPLA3 is regulated by the carbohydrate response element binding protein 1. Mice overexpressing the human I148M PNPLA3 variant in the liver exhibit an increase in liver triglycerides and cholesteryl esters on a high sucrose but not high fat diet. These data suggest that overfeeding a high carbohydrate as compared to a high fat diet may increase liver fat more in subjects carrying the I148M allele than in non-carriers. B. HYPOTHESIS The investigators hypothesize that overfeeding a high fat as compared to an isocaloric high carbohydrate diet influences the source of intrahepatocellular triglycerides. During a high fat diet, relatively more of intrahepatocellular triglycerides originate from peripheral lipolysis and less from DNL than during a high carbohydrate diet in the face of a similar increase in liver fat. It is also possible given the lack of previous overfeeding data comparing 2 different overfeeding diets that the high fat diet induces a smaller increase in liver fat than a high carbohydrate diet even in the face of an identical increase in caloric intake because a greater fraction of ingested fat is channeled to adipose tissue than the liver. The investigators also hypothesize that liver fat may increase more in carriers than non-carriers of the I148M variant in PNPLA3 during a high carbohydrate than a high fat diet. C. SPECIFIC AIMS The investigators wish to randomize, using the method of minimization (considers baseline age, BMI, gender, liver fat, PNPLA3 genotype) 40 non-diabetic subjects with NAFLD as determined by the non-invasive score developed in our laboratory or previous knowledge of liver fat content based on MRS to overeat either a high carbohydrate or high fat diet (1000 extra calories per day) for 3 weeks. Before and after the overfeeding diets, will measure liver fat content by 1H-MRS and the rate of adipose tissue lipolysis using doubly labeled water (DDW) and [1,1,2,3,3-2H5] glycerol as described in detail below. The investigators also wish to characterize glucose, insulin, fatty acid and triacylglyceride profiles before and while on the experimental diet. An adipose tissue biopsy is taken to determine whether expression of genes involved in lipogenesis or lipolysis, or those involved in adipose tissue inflammation change in response to overfeeding, and for measurement of LPL activity. After overfeeding, both groups will undergo weight loss to restore normal weight as described in our recent study. The metabolic study is repeated after weight loss.

NCT02133144 NAFLD Behavioral: overeating fat Behavioral: overeating carbohydrate
MeSH: Inflammation Weight Loss
HPO: Decreased body weight Weight loss

The investigators have shown that PNPLA3 is regulated by the carbohydrate response element binding protein 1. Mice overexpressing the human I148M PNPLA3 variant in the liver exhibit an increase in liver triglycerides and cholesteryl esters on a high sucrose but not high fat diet. --- I148M ---

These data suggest that overfeeding a high carbohydrate as compared to a high fat diet may increase liver fat more in subjects carrying the I148M allele than in non-carriers. --- I148M ---

The investigators also hypothesize that liver fat may increase more in carriers than non-carriers of the I148M variant in PNPLA3 during a high carbohydrate than a high fat diet. --- I148M ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Liver fat content (1H-MRS) and intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat (MRI)

Time: 3 weeks

Description: the rate of DNL and adipose tissue lipolysis is measured using doubly labeled water (DDW) and [1,1,2,3,3-2H5] glycerol

Measure: De novo lipogenesis (DNL) and measurement of lipolysis

Time: 3 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Laboratory tests including fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and TG concentrations PNPLA3 genotyping is performed also

Measure: Analytical procedures

Time: 3 weeks

Other Outcomes

Description: Needle biopsies of abdominal subcutaneus tissue will be taken for subsequent isolation of RNA for measurements of gene expression (by quantitative PCR). Fat cell size is also measured.

Measure: Biopsies and analysis of subcutaneus adipose tissue

Time: 3 weeks

Description: Indirect calorimetry is the method by which metabolic rate is estimated from measurements of oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production.

Measure: Indirect calorimetry

Time: 3 week

2 Body Composition and Metabolic Manifestations of Insulin Resistance in Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Ectopic Fat Deposition and Metabolic Markers: Intervention and Follow-up Portion

This project, "A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy of metformin for hepatic fat in adolescents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome", proposes exploring the use of novel and noninvasive methodologies in an at-risk adolescent and young adult population with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who may gain long-term health benefits from early detection and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PCOS is a common condition that frequently presents in adolescence and young adulthood and is defined by elevated androgens (male hormones) in the blood leading to 1. hirsutism and acne and 2. menstrual abnormalities or amenorrhea. Affected individuals are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance (a precursor of diabetes), NAFLD and lipid (cholesterol) abnormalities.These features are all associated with the metabolic syndrome, a rising major public health concern. Recently, an association between PCOS and NAFLD has been noted but has only been superficially studied in the adolescent and young adult population. The susceptibility of certain PCOS patients to developing NAFLD is theorized to be due to having underlying insulin resistance, elevated androgen levels, and a genetic predisposition. Metformin is an insulin sensitizing medication widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus that may have beneficial effects on insulin resistance-related conditions including PCOS and NAFLD. Although widely used in PCOS, its effect on NAFLD in this group has not been previously studied. The primary aims of this proposal are: 1) To determine whether PCOS with liver fat >/=4.8% treated with metformin for six months will have a decline in percentage liver fat compared to a placebo group. 2) To measure the association of the PNPLA3 I148M allele with NAFLD in PCOS at baseline (n=40). 2b) To measure the association of percentage liver fat with biomarkers of NAFLD, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and body composition at baseline (n=40) and after a placebo-controlled intervention with metformin in PCOS with liver fat >4.8% (n=20). The goal of this research proposal is to explore the use of novel and noninvasive technologies in a young and at risk population. Dr. Sopher hopes to use the results of this research to lay the groundwork for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic disorders in adolescents and young adults with PCOS and to prevent lifelong morbidity associated with PCOS.

NCT02500147 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Metabolic Syndrome Drug: Metformin Drug: Placebo
MeSH: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Liver Diseases Fatty Liver Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Metabolic Syndrome Syndrome
HPO: Abnormality of the liver Decreased liver function Elevated hepatic transaminase Hepatic steatosis Polycystic ovaries

2) To measure the association of the PNPLA3 I148M allele with NAFLD in PCOS at baseline (n=40). --- I148M ---

The proportion of PCOS subjects with the high risk I148M PNPLA3 allele in the PCOS groups with elevated and normal liver fat will be compared using a chi-squared or Fisher's Exact test.. --- I148M ---

Other IR indices that will be evaluated are whole body insulin sensitivity (WBIS) and insulin area under the curve; 6) Genetic evaluation: A blood sample for the PNPLA3 I148M allele (baseline only). --- I148M ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: To compare percentage liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the metformin group and placebo group to baseline and between the groups in order to determine if metformin is efficacious for reducing liver fat compared to placebo in adolescents and young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Measure: Difference in percentage liver fat between Metformin arm and Placebo arm in adolescents and young adults with PCOS and with elevated percentage liver fat (>/=4.8%)

Time: 6 months

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The proportion of PCOS subjects with the high risk I148M PNPLA3 allele in the PCOS groups with elevated and normal liver fat will be compared using a chi-squared or Fisher's Exact test.

Measure: Proportion of PCOS subjects with the PNPLA3 allele comparing those with elevated percentage liver fat (>/=4.8%) and those with normal percentage liver fat (<4.8%) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Time: 6 months

Description: The association of percent liver fat with insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR will be measured by correlation/regression. Change in HOMA-IR with change in percent liver fat following metformin will be assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Measure: The association of percentage liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy with insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR in adolescents with PCOS

Time: 6 months

Description: The association of percent liver fat with triglycerides will be measured by correlation/regression. Change in triglycerides with change in percent liver fat following metformin will be assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Measure: The association of percentage liver fat with triglycerides

Time: 6 months

Description: The association of percent liver fat with visceral adipose tissue will be measured by correlation/regression. Change in visceral adipose tissue with change in percent liver fat following metformin will be assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Measure: The association of percentage liver fat with visceral adipose tissue

Time: 6 months

Description: The association of percent liver fat with total body adipose tissue will be measured by correlation/regression. Change in total body adipose tissue with change in percent liver fat following metformin will be assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Measure: The association of percentage liver fat with total body adipose tissue

Time: 6 months

Description: The association of percent liver fat with pancreatic polypeptide will be measured by correlation/regression. Change in pancreatic polypeptide with change in percent liver fat following metformin will be assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Measure: The association of percentage liver fat with pancreatic polypeptide

Time: 6 months

Description: The association of percent liver fat with M30 will be measured by correlation/regression. Change in M30 with change in percent liver fat following metformin will be assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Measure: The association of percentage liver fat with M30, a hepatic apoptosis marker

Time: 6 months

3 Genetic Regulation of Lipid Pathways Contributing to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

The aims of the study are: 1. To investigate if carriers of apolipoprotein (apo) CIII loss-of-function (LOF) mutations produce less apo-CIII that results in reduction of large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle secretion as compared to non-carriers of these variants and compare the results with carriers of apo-CIII gain-of-function (GOF) to elucidate the role of apo-CIII in hepatic lipid metabolism. 2. To study if carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K and PNLPLA3 I148M mutations produce less large VLDL particles to transport fat out of the liver as compared to non-carriers. 3. To test whether the specific mutations in the apo-CIII, TM6SF2 and PNLPLA3 genes are reflected in changes of liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL), liver fat, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma lipid and apolipoprotein kinetics and fasting concentrations in carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K and PNLPLA3 I148M mutations as compared to non-carriers. 4. To study the effects of APOE, angiopoietin (ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8) or endothelial lipase (LIPG) genotypes on liver fat metabolism, lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism and lipid phenotypes.

NCT04209816 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Insulin Resistance Diagnostic Test: Lipoprotein kinetics
MeSH: Fatty Liver Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Insulin Resistance Dyslipidemias
HPO: Abnormal circulating lipid concentration Hepatic steatosis Insulin resistance

2. To study if carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K and PNLPLA3 I148M mutations produce less large VLDL particles to transport fat out of the liver as compared to non-carriers. --- E167K --- --- I148M ---

3. To test whether the specific mutations in the apo-CIII, TM6SF2 and PNLPLA3 genes are reflected in changes of liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL), liver fat, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma lipid and apolipoprotein kinetics and fasting concentrations in carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K and PNLPLA3 I148M mutations as compared to non-carriers. --- E167K --- --- I148M ---

Inclusion Criteria: - persons who have provided written consent - apo-CIII loss-of-function mutation (heterozygous) or apo-CIII gain-of-function mutations (heterozygous) or TM6SF2 E167K mutation (homozygous) or PNLPLA3 I148M or apoE or LIPG or ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL8 LOF and GOF variants. --- E167K --- --- I148M ---

m² at inclusion Exclusion Criteria: - Patients with Type 1 and 2 diabetes, BMI > 40 kg/m2, - ApoE2/2 phenotype, thyrotropin concentration outside normal range, - Lipid-lowering drugs - Blood pressure >160 mmHg systolic and/or > 105 diastolic mmHg - Liver failure or abnormal liver function tests >3 x upper limit of normal - Intestinal disease - Pregnancy, breastfeeding - Patients with volume depletion Inclusion Criteria: - persons who have provided written consent - apo-CIII loss-of-function mutation (heterozygous) or apo-CIII gain-of-function mutations (heterozygous) or TM6SF2 E167K mutation (homozygous) or PNLPLA3 I148M or apoE or LIPG or ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL8 LOF and GOF variants. --- E167K --- --- I148M ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Production rate, mg/day

Measure: Difference in the rate of production of VLDL Apo B

Time: Baseline

Description: Production rate, mg/kg/day

Measure: Difference in the rate of production of VLDL Triglycerides

Time: Baseline

Description: Production rate, mg/kg/day

Measure: Difference in the rate of production of VLDL ApoC-III and apoE

Time: Baseline

Description: Rate of disappearance, pools/day

Measure: Difference in the Fractional Catabolic Rate of VLDL Apo B

Time: Baseline

Description: Rate of disappearance, pools/day

Measure: Difference in the Fractional Catabolic Rate of VLDL Triglycerides

Time: Baseline

Description: Rate of disappearance, pools/day

Measure: Difference in the Fractional Catabolic Rate of VLDL ApoC-III and apoE

Time: Baseline

Description: Measure of newly synthesized triglycerides in VLDL, μmol/l

Measure: Difference in de novo lipogenesis

Time: Baseline

Description: Percentage of liver fat measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Measure: Difference in liver fat

Time: Baseline

Description: Remnant lipoproteins and lipoprotein fraction composition, mg/L

Measure: Difference in atherogenic dyslipidemia

Time: Baseline

Description: Calculated Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)

Measure: Difference in insulin resistance

Time: Baseline

Description: ApoA, mg/dl

Measure: Difference in apoprotein A concentration

Time: Baseline

Description: ApoB, mg/dl

Measure: Difference in apoprotein B concentration

Time: Baseline

Description: ApoC, mg/dl

Measure: Difference in apoprotein C concentration

Time: Baseline

Description: ApoE, mg/dl

Measure: Difference in apoprotein E concentration

Time: Baseline

Description: Rate of turnover, pools/day

Measure: Difference in the rate of production and Fractional Catabolic Rate of intermediate-density Apo B

Time: Baseline

Description: Rate of turnover, pools/day

Measure: Difference in the rate of production and Fractional Catabolic Rate of low-density lipoprotein Apo B

Time: Baseline

Description: Measured lipoprotein lipase activity, mU/ml

Measure: Lipolytic activity

Time: Baseline

Description: Measured hepatic lipase activity, mU/ml

Measure: Hepatic lipase activity

Time: Baseline


HPO Nodes


Hepatic steatosis
Genes 137
ATP7B LDLRAP1 MPV17 CLPB APOE APOB SLC40A1 POLG HNF1B COA8 ABCG8 BSCL2 HFE GPD1 BCS1L CIDEC ACAD9 LYRM4 AGPAT2 LMNA LMNB2 PRDM16 CAV1 FOS LMNA TYMP LIPE RERE BCS1L MPV17 BSCL2 CIDEC MCCC1 ACADM PLIN1 SLC25A13 HADHB ETFA CAV1 XRCC4 CPT1A FBP1 PCK1 PTRH2 CEP19 RMND1 LMNA GABRD POLR3A TMEM199 NSMCE2 PPARG ADK ACAD9 LIPA TFAM NGLY1 PMM2 HNRNPA1 VPS33A AKT2 POLD1 MARS1 DDOST TRAPPC11 ETFB ACADVL BSCL2 ALMS1 LMNA LARS1 CPT2 CBS CARS2 COX15 NDUFAF1 LRPPRC ALDOB PCSK9 HNRNPA2B1 TRMU PGM1 NSMCE2 CPT2 LIPE ACOX1 LDLR CYP7A1 MRPL44 PCK2 DNAJC19 LMNA FARSB ABHD5 CAVIN1 PNPLA2 HADH ZMPSTE24 ETFDH ALMS1 PNPLA2 SLC22A5 PHKG2 AGPAT2 DGUOK ATP6AP1 COG6 ABHD5 HADHA PHKA2 SLC40A1 TARS2 LMNA TRAPPC11 PPARG MRPS7 KCNAB2 ACADL HADH SLC25A13 ACADM VCP HNF4A PLIN1 PPARG EARS2 SAR1B CAVIN1 SLC25A13 HSD17B4 DNAJC19 RRM2B SKI CYP19A1 IARS1 POLG ABCG5
Abnormality of the liver
Genes 1378
CLDN1 GPC3 LETM1 MPL PIEZO1 UBR1 TNFRSF11A CLPB IL17RA HNF1B CCDC115 CYP27A1 CTSC TRIM37 BTK AGPAT2 CASP10 ATP8B1 SDCCAG8 HMBS TREX1 POU1F1 C8ORF37 RMRP SF3B1 WDPCP PAX8 KIT CFTR XRCC4 PRKCD NDUFB10 LMNA ATP8B1 TMEM67 KRT8 PCSK1 HMGCL NSMCE2 PEPD CA2 EPB41 NBAS NGLY1 UQCRB TERC IFT172 ABCA1 PMM2 NPHP3 PSAP AP1S1 MARS1 TTC21B TRMT10C CDKN2C LRP5 GBA NDUFAF5 TREX1 CBS WDR19 SUMF1 KRT17 MKS1 PNPLA6 NDUFV2 TINF2 TBX1 IL2RB NPHP4 NPC2 TMEM67 CYP7B1 CEP290 HOXD13 COX8A MMAB BLK MPI PHKB WDR19 ALG8 HIRA TRIM37 GBA CYP7A1 GBE1 ALG9 WDR60 GNPTAB RNASEH2C AP1S1 NRXN1 LMNA CYBA PEX5 KCNH1 LHX3 COX14 ATPAF2 SLC22A5 NDUFS7 TF GDF2 MPC1 SMPD1 PNPLA2 LHX1 PCCB RBPJ PET100 ICOS CTSA CLDN1 PEX5 KMT2E AP1B1 DUOX2 BPGM LZTR1 ASS1 SLC4A1 PTPRC TBX19 HAMP BMPR1A CDKN1C SPIB PIK3C2A ARVCF CALR ATP6V1B2 RAG2 CDAN1 ABCA1 ITCH B3GLCT MST1 COG6 SLC11A2 B9D2 IGF2 CD28 IDUA MRPS7 PEX13 SCYL1 AMACR IGF2 PEX12 JMJD1C IL12RB1 MEN1 MMEL1 FCGR2A NAGA FLI1 HSD17B4 SLC25A20 KRT6B CYP19A1 TTC37 RHAG CD247 RNU4ATAC TNFRSF1A ATP7B TMPRSS6 MET LDLRAP1 GTF2I HADHA BLNK SHPK KIAA0586 IGF2R COA8 PEX2 BCS1L PMS2 ACVRL1 VPS33B IYD UGT1A1 CPA1 HNF4A NCF1 BCS1L TPP2 RNU4ATAC STAT6 PCCA ND4 NGLY1 POLG ND2 ERCC4 PSAP EFL1 PDGFB PIGM ERCC4 RMND1 MIF TSHR BBS7 FANCD2 ALG6 USP18 MRPL3 PEX6 CLCN7 PEX10 ND1 NOS3 MSH2 GATA6 HMBS SMAD4 SNX10 SPRTN PKHD1 BRCA1 ZIC3 WDR35 ALDH7A1 ETFB PEX10 DUOXA2 ACADVL LETM1 TERT KRT18 APOE SMPD1 WHCR FGFR2 PEX11B INVS RPS20 PRKAR1A CR2 HFE MPL SRD5A3 HAVCR2 CC2D2A AKR1D1 HNRNPA2B1 SLC25A13 NHLRC2 COX15 GPC4 MPI DCLRE1C PSMB8 CTNNB1 DDRGK1 LDLR SGSH KRIT1 BTNL2 SAA1 ASL ALG9 PEX16 BTK MSH6 EWSR1 C4B WDR60 HPD COG4 PSAP MKKS BBS5 FANCL ALG13 MYORG HLA-DRB1 FOXF1 MRAS STN1 AGGF1 LHX4 PIGA TGFB1 GPI WRAP53 RNASEH2A TGFBR2 DNAJB11 DNAJC21 FAS APOA1 ZAP70 DCTN4 APC OSTM1 RRM2B C1S IFT140 DPM2 DGUOK BTNL2 GPC3 ABHD5 SOX10 HADHA PEX11B PEX3 SDHA WDR34 TARS2 NDUFAF1 ACVRL1 DYNC2LI1 DLL4 SLC30A10 GATA6 CTSK KLF1 SLC25A13 ATP6 PIK3CA ALG1 DPM2 PPARG COX4I2 TBX19 SLC25A13 RAD51C RMRP FGA ANK1 SLC5A5 NHP2 DLD G6PC3 CSPP1 HJV NDUFB3 APOB SON RASA2 HBA1 MS4A1 SLC25A15 APC LIG4 ACAD9 TFR2 PALLD APOE SOS1 STOX1 RFWD3 RFC2 CTRC LIPE MCCC1 UROS HBA1 HADHB RAF1 NOP10 LIPA RFXANK STXBP2 UROD TNFRSF1B HLA-B SUMF1 TP53 HBG1 SLC37A4 NHP2 FBP1 PCK1 XK TWNK SDHD SLC25A20 TRNN CD55 IDS IL17F MEFV SLC39A8 LTBP3 FANCI GBA RPGRIP1L PRPS1 PSAP DCDC2 HLA-DRB1 NSD2 PEX6 TET2 BSCL2 SLC29A3 ARSA MAD2L2 ABCC2 PEX3 COG2 ATP11C ABCB11 RFXANK LRPPRC SFTPC TMEM216 CFH ITCH PRKAR1A SBDS LYST LZTFL1 PEX14 GPR35 INTU FANCA STAT1 NSMCE2 CYBC1 LBR FGFRL1 CD96 SLX4 CASP10 RAG2 RPGRIP1L TERT MYD88 UGT1A1 IDUA NOTCH2 DPM1 FAN1 CEP55 CLCN7 HAMP BTD CC2D2A MKS1 CEP83 FARSB RNASEH2A BBS2 GCK ELN DNAJC21 CIITA BOLA3 PALB2 GCLC HADHA MKS1 IL7R PKD2 MICOS13 NAGLU SLC25A4 CD46 LBR TMEM67 DIS3L2 MOGS CYP7B1 PNPLA2 ACAT1 CASK ELN UQCRC2 RFX5 SNX10 IL6 COG8 MLH3 JAM3 NDUFV1 CTLA4 CLCN7 ABCB4 PRSS1 WT1 PPARG STEAP3 ADA TG LMNA PLIN1 XYLT1 ZAP70 UFD1 CAVIN1 EIF2AK3 CFTR CC2D2A TNPO3 TWNK GBA NAGS TMEM67 HNF1A F5 TCIRG1 APOE ATP7A FECH WDPCP ATP8B1 NCF1 ND3 NPHP3 RBM8A POLG2 TSC2 NDUFS7 OFD1 LMNA EFL1 UCP2 PEX13 SLCO1B1 MCM4 ESCO2 CLCN7 CTC1 SDHB MSH6 APC CEP290 PLPBP NOTCH1 PEX12 CYC1 CD70 CASR DOCK6 PLG TMEM70 KCNH1 ARSA LRRC8A FAS ICOS DCDC2 RNF43 PLEKHM1 TCTN2 TFAM VPS33A UGT1A1 HBG2 G6PC TTC8 ALMS1 NCF2 PDX1 GLB1 LIPT1 TNFRSF13C B9D1 PEX5 GANAB CARS2 BBIP1 PEX11B FADD CD79A SLC4A1 BRCA1 RNASEH2B TRNS1 TRNE H19 NEK8 BRCA2 CFTR AIRE NCF2 POLG2 APC F5 NDUFS3 APC TERC DPAGT1 CCND1 HLA-DRB1 CEL MYC PROP1 ALDOA GPC4 NR1H4 ARL6 MVK TRHR DDRGK1 HNF1A CBS DAXX TET2 MVK EOGT DNAJC19 PEX16 TTC21B C8ORF37 IFT27 PIK3R1 TERT SCARB2 LBR PC ADAR HNF4A FAH PEX14 IL36RN TANGO2 BBS1 PEX2 POLG2 NPHP3 PEX1 TCF4 HBA2 PIGS SLCO1B3 TRNK ACOX1 NPHP1 PEX26 PTPN3 WDR19 PEX2 SEMA4A MFN2 TINF2 ETFDH APPL1 GNPTAB PSAP RAG2 AGPAT2 RFXAP HBB USP9X NFKB1 FANCC KCNJ11 IL2RG CNTNAP2 LMNA GYS2 PKHD1 RECQL4 ERCC8 GBA AMACR KRT18 HMGCS2 MYBPC3 GUSB VCP PEX13 SP110 PRKCSH CDKN1B TET2 CSPP1 MMUT UBE2T FBP1 RRM2B KIF23 JAK2 PEX1 IER3IP1 DZIP1L SPINK1 ND5 GUSB SBDS PEX1 FERMT3 ABCG8 LYRM4 B2M JAK2 DPM3 NLRP3 POU2AF1 BRCA2 TYMP LYZ PKD1 PEX12 BSCL2 RFX5 IDUA HBB RASGRP1 NOP10 HYMAI HYOU1 CASR ENG DHCR7 HBA2 IFT172 NUBPL PTRH2 CEP19 KCNN3 CC2D2A TMEM199 RPGRIP1L PEX19 ADK SEC63 WT1 SURF1 ERCC4 HNRNPA1 VIPAS39 RRAS2 BCS1L KLF1 GPC1 TCIRG1 RELA COX6B1 HSD3B7 CPT2 COX15 TSHR IFNGR1 CPT2 PKLR PLAGL1 FANCF ND2 SDHA HEXB NRAS RFXAP KLF11 MECP2 INPP5E TRMU NDUFA11 IFIH1 H19-ICR ASAH1 SLC7A7 TRIM28 SLCO2A1 CLCA4 MLXIPL CLIP2 BMP2 BRCA2 DMD DPM3 POU6F2 DHFR CTBP1 STEAP3 PARS2 SERPINA1 NDUFS2 SPTA1 PRF1 ABCB4 INSR LIG4 CEP290 PAX8 ABCD3 KCNN4 TMEM107 SDCCAG8 CIITA SEC23B MUC5B PRSS1 NPM1 ITK MSH2 SEC63 SRP54 IFIH1 XPR1 IFT172 SLC13A5 STX11 JAK2 TBL2 ALMS1 KRT6A COX20 ABCG8 BSCL2 SLC17A5 NPHP3 TRMT5 COG7 FAH PHKG2 ABCC2 POMC TNFRSF13C SEC24C FANCG IDUA IL2RG PEX26 GALNS SLC40A1 FUCA1 TRAPPC11 TSFM SPTB CD3E GNE TCF3 SLC29A3 PEX3 COMT CA2 SAR1B AGA CDKN2A CLEC7A SKI SPTB POLG KRAS GPC3 SMPD1 REST SPTA1 SLC7A7 AKT2 IFT122 PEX14 SPECC1L FAM111B EPB42 GYPC HFE GPD1 SLC20A2 PEX10 CORIN GNS ALAS2 CD79B PEX6 PRDM16 FOS BBS10 PDGFRA SLC30A10 NDUFAF3 MPV17 HADHA GBA IL1RN GBA BBS1 GNAS HBB SLC25A15 CAV1 XRCC4 CPT1A PEX13 FANCB KRAS STX1A FECH RAD51 SCYL1 TNFRSF13B MMUT LIPA NDUFS1 GABRD ANTXR1 ADAMTSL2 GP1BB PEX14 POLR3A COG1 SKIV2L VPS13A PFKM RFT1 KRAS ARSA SMAD4 PPARG DIS3L2 INPPL1 NDUFS4 ACAD9 AP3B1 NOTCH2 NLRP3 GATA2 TTC7A SC5D AKT2 SKIV2L JAK3 DDOST ADAMTS13 PRKCSH PAX4 RTEL1 VHL FASTKD2 HBB NEK1 NDUFA6 ALG8 RPGRIP1 ATP7B NPHP1 INSR IL7R OFD1 SPTB CDKN1A CASR PEX1 XRCC2 CD19 PEX10 ALDOB TRIM28 PCSK9 RPGRIP1L ANKS6 CYBB PSAP TPO PSMB4 CPT2 LIPE WT1 APOC2 IFT80 PTPN11 KIT ARSB SP110 AGL HSD3B7 NDUFS6 ASAH1 PEX19 SOS2 CFTR KCNQ1OT1 NKX2-5 CD27 PEX12 RFT1 RRAS NDUFB9 LPIN2 RREB1 GCGR TGFB1 PEPD UNC13D RNU4ATAC STK11 DOLK LONP1 TIMMDC1 APC IL12A BTK BCS1L PDGFRA SCO1 FOXRED1 PHKG2 CD81 EPB42 DKC1 SMAD4 STK11 PRKCD ACSF3 C11ORF95 ATP6AP1 IFT80 COX10 CEP290 NLRP1 TMEM126B HBG2 NLRC4 COX10 DYNC2H1 PDGFRL TNFSF12 KAT6B FLT1 TMEM216 ADA FASLG IFT43 NDUFAF2 TREX1 CTRC DNAJC19 BMPER SPINK1 RIT1 BBS9 ERCC6 NDUFA1 MPV17 TMEM67 BAZ1B POLG KRAS TRNW LACC1 GALK1 ARHGAP31 COA8 ND6 BSCL2 HNF1A CIDEC FASLG INS NFKB2 WDR35 ABCC8 TRNV NEU1 RERE IQCB1 PLEKHM1 DLL4 ACADM SLC25A13 RHAG ETFA TRMU SLC26A4 GBA TACO1 CPT1A TNFSF11 HNF1B IL17RC FAN1 TBX1 UGT1A1 NEUROD1 RBCK1 GTF2IRD1 CDKN2B HK1 CTNNB1 POLD1 G6PD IFT140 ERBB3 C1QBP PARN LARS1 ALG11 ARSA HELLPAR PMM2 TNFSF15 LCAT ICOS TNFSF12 DMPK GLRX5 USB1 NAGA FAS IL21R TTC7A SLC39A4 AGA FBN1 PYGL MYRF PRSS2 ENG MLH1 ABCC8 CTNS PCCB PEX3 TALDO1 HPGD NDUFAF4 NPHP3 SLC4A1 ALDOB CCDC47 JAG1 COG5 PKLR TNFRSF13B COG8 MRPS16 TSC1 ALG2 FBXL4 EIF2AK3 FUCA1 NPC1 CPOX GLB1 NEUROG3 KCNQ1 GLIS3 VPS45 ABHD5 EXTL3 WDR34 CAVIN1 PTEN TRIM32 GBA FGFR2 CFI PEX26 TALDO1 HBB AXIN1 SRD5A3 KCNJ11 UGT1A1 COG4 IDUA FANCE FANCM IGHM SLC2A1 TRAF3IP2 PEX6 HJV TRAF3IP1 HNF1B TP53 POU1F1 CEP120 SLC22A5 PSMB8 TNFRSF1B SLC25A19 DNASE1L3 PEX26 PDGFRB SLC37A4 HMOX1 HGSNAT SETBP1 CR2 ACADL CEP164 TMEM165 HADH SFTPA2 MET AP3D1 ACADM LRP5 HNF4A H19 NDUFB11 EARS2 PEX3 PMS1 BRAF ATP7A BBS12 IFT172 TJP2 KRT16 ABCG5 DYNC2H1 GDF2 AHCY CD19 ACADVL GUCY2D HMGCL DLD TNFSF11 CYBB GNMT TRIP13 SLC40A1 GAA CYBA DHDDS ABCB4 RAG1 TREX1 TTC37 JAK2 MLH1 PSMB9 NSD2 WDR35 SLCO1B1 LMNA LMNB2 SDHC TERC CAV1 RAG1 PEX1 OCLN HBB FOXP3 CIDEC PLIN1 LYST PEX5 BCHE A2ML1 INPP5E ABCG8 CD3D CYP27A1 COG2 MMAA CPLX1 TRNW PEX2 SETBP1 CTLA4 DCLRE1C HESX1 TGFB1 CTLA4 XIAP IL7R LIPA TMEM67 NOD2 NELFA IL2RG RFX6 EPB41 RAG1 TRAPPC11 SLC25A1 RHBDF2 IGLL1 PIK3CA POMC LMNA SERPINA1 LIMK1 GALE TSHB ABCB11 DYNC2LI1 NDUFAF1 GALT SLC2A1 CCDC28B GALT ANK1 SC5D SLC35A2 TRNL1 PEX12 WDR19 DHCR7 AKR1D1 PGM1 IL2RA TMEM231 ND1 BLVRA NDUFS8 ACOX1 ATM FDX2 MRPL44 IKZF1 PRKCD ATRX CASP8 HFE MYH9 SH2D1A PEX16 PCK2 PEX19 H19 ADA2 RHAG HNF4A NAB2 XIAP CDKN1B CHD7 LPL FH ALAS2 C15ORF41 TRAF3IP1 HADH RNASEH2C EPCAM SLC25A19 PEX16 PEX6 NHP2 CD40LG ZMPSTE24 PHKA2 RAB27A SRP54 DKC1 TPI1 TUFM CD28 ND3 GLB1 DGUOK MMUT GPIHBP1 PEX19 HADHB NCF4 NRAS PALB2 BRIP1 AUH PHKA2 TCIRG1 YARS2 BBS4 ABCA1 GFM1 SLCO1B3 KCNAB2 PCCA MAN2B1 IRF5 APOA1 KRT8 CP TBX1 GNE CPT2 NDUFS4 GCDH TERT SAMHD1 IARS1
Weight loss
Genes 318
COL5A2 GPC3 MPL COL12A1 BCL10 BIRC3 CCR1 AK2 DNAJC13 SNCA ABCC8 LMNA ERCC4 RBBP8 JAK2 PALLD BRCA2 ND4 RFWD3 RNF168 TYMP HMBS HYMAI PTEN LIPA TYMP HLA-B SLC25A11 SUCLA2 SNCA ATRIP BMPR1A FAN1 TRNQ MPL IRF2BP2 HMGCL CYP24A1 WT1 PML ERCC4 FANCI GCK KDSR GJB4 LRRK2 MECP2 TSHR TET2 RARA HTT MAD2L2 ERCC3 CENPE IFNGR1 NOD2 COL6A2 FANCF SDHA TRAIP HLA-DQB1 NOD2 POLG MDH2 GPR35 FANCA CEP152 HLA-DPA1 IL12B SLX4 CHEK2 SLC11A1 SDHB ERCC5 TRIM37 TRIM28 COL6A3 CDH23 MAFB PANK2 BRCA2 HLA-B TRNF POU6F2 TBL1XR1 FIP1L1 SEMA3C BCL2 JAK2 NDP PALB2 JPH3 BCOR HLA-DPB1 ZFP57 HLCS TP53 FANCE IL10 KCNJ18 SDHD FANCM COL5A1 MAX DIS3L2 BMPR1A TP53 ACAT1 IL12A-AS1 THPO KRT10 IL12A NABP1 MC2R CALR IL23R MST1 FH FANCG PCNT MLH3 CCND1 JPH3 TMEM127 ND6 SLC39A4 NUMA1 WT1 SDHC SDHA ACADM ND5 AVP DLST SEMA3D TP53 TRPV4 TSHR FLI1 EIF2AK3 PMS1 SDHB CDKN2A STAT3 PRNP NBN POLG ECE1 DCTN1 REST CACNA1S SDHAF1 ATP7B KCNJ11 NRTN IGH F5 STAT3 PTPN22 TXNRD2 TRIP13 AKT1 FOXP1 JAK2 MLH1 TRNH HLA-DRB1 PMS2 SDHAF2 PDX1 INS LRP12 NNT SLC9A6 RRM2B FOXP3 DCTN1 ERAP1 TP53 SLC52A3 TRNL1 STAT6 PRNP GATA4 MSH6 RET KIF1B ERCC4 FANCB KRAS RAD51 IGH VHL FANCD2 VPS13A KRAS TRNS2 MSH2 BCL6 SDHC GATA2 EDNRB ATM PRKAR1A BRCA1 RHBDF2 PIK3CA KRT1 TRNS1 GBA CACNA1S INSR GJB3 SDHD CTLA4 NPM1 IL6 RPS20 BRCA1 XRCC2 KCNJ18 GALT H19 MPL HAVCR2 TRIM28 BRCA2 GDNF FAS COL1A1 WT1 HLA-DRB1 TLR4 PTPN22 HSPG2 COX1 STAT4 IKZF1 CNTNAP1 ATRX ABCC8 STAR DAXX MRAP CCND1 TET2 POLG EWSR1 CDC73 GJA1 EDN3 ND1 CENPJ NAB2 IGH LPIN2 FANCL SLC52A2 HLA-DRB1 TRNW HLA-DRB1 COX3 GIGYF2 SDHD PIK3R1 B2M EPCAM TCF4 PLAGL1 TGFB1 PRNP KLRC4 PLK4 KIF1B TGFBR2 SEMA4A SCNN1B UBAC2 BTK HLA-B COX2 CFTR SDHB ATR TTR GNPTAB PLA2G6 C4A RET SMAD4 SCNN1A ERCC2 UNC80 BTNL2 FANCC PTEN MALT1 SCNN1G PALB2 BRIP1 RB1 EIF4G1 MEFV GABRA3 CUL4B PTEN ZBTB16 KCNJ11 VPS35 COL6A1 PRTN3 RAD51C UBE2T RRM2B STAT5B SLC6A8 JAK2 MLX
Abnormal circulating lipid concentration
Genes 286
CYP11A1 PEX1 LDLR UBR1 APOB BAZ1B PEX7 PNLIP CCDC115 ABCG8 CYP27A1 BSCL2 HNF1A CIDEC AGPAT2 LMNA RAI1 POU2AF1 GHR IQSEC2 RFC2 HMBS LIPE PEX12 BSCL2 ACADM MYO5A APOB SLC25A13 STXBP2 MSMO1 TRMU UBE3B NSDHL CPT1A SLC37A4 DHCR7 CEP19 EMD LMNA ACAD8 SLC25A20 NADK2 TMEM199 NSMCE2 GTF2IRD1 RAI1 TDP1 NGLY1 ABCA1 PMM2 POLD1 OCRL EBP BSCL2 TFG TNFSF15 LCAT HSD3B7 PLA2G4A DYRK1B PCSK9 DHCR24 PYGL TRNK TRNL1 NPC2 ABCC8 CTNS NADK2 LBR ACOX2 PIGH SLC7A7 CYP7A1 TMEM43 JAG1 DEAF1 LEP CLIP2 LMNA PEX5 NPC1 ELN CAV3 FHL1 PRF1 PLVAP FLCN CAVIN1 CETP SMPD1 PNPLA2 PRSS1 LEPR LRP6 APTX LPL STX11 TBL2 ALMS1 LDLRAP1 APOA5 BSCL2 DCAF17 PNPLA2 ZMPSTE24 SLC22A5 PIK3R5 SPIB RSPO1 PHKG2 SLC52A1 ABCA1 CFH PEX26 SETX SLC37A4 EPHX2 LIPC PPARG PEX13 ACADL PEX12 IL12RB1 ABCA1 SLC29A3 ACADM LMNA ANGPTL3 MMEL1 LMNA PLIN1 MTTP SAR1B CAVIN1 PEX3 PEX2 CYP19A1 TNPO3 ABCG5 DGAT1 TTPA SMPD1 CFHR1 LDLRAP1 GTF2I ACADVL HMGCL APOE FECH SGPL1 LMNB2 GPD1 PSMB9 TDP1 LMNA PEX6 NUP107 APOA2 CAV1 NUP107 AR FOS ZMPSTE24 TBXAS1 LMNA UCP2 CIDEC MEF2A PLIN1 PEX5 PPP1R17 ABCD1 CAV1 XRCC4 PEX10 PEX5 ADCY3 HAVCR2 ABCG8 CPT1A CYP27A1 APOB APOC3 LIPA LMNA PEX2 POLR3A TRNE FBN1 PEX10 PPARG XRCC4 ACAD9 LIPA LCAT SYNE1 LCAT DCAF17 SC5D AKT2 G6PC NPHS1 ACADVL ALMS1 LMNA LTC4S CETP LIMK1 PEX11B RAI1 GK APOC3 CCT5 CFHR3 TRNE PCSK9 ALB APOA5 SLC25A13 DHCR7 PSMB8 PSMB4 CPT2 LIPE APOC2 LDLR KCNJ1 SAR1B AGL CAV1 ACAD8 PEX19 CFTR HNF4A COG4 XIAP GHR OCRL LPL SLC12A1 UNC13D CYP11A1 PEX14 HADH NPHS2 POLR3A TANGO2 PEX1 PEX16 IL12A ZMPSTE24 PEX7 PHKA2 RAB27A FLII ACTN4 PHKG2 PANK2 AGPAT2 PHYH GPIHBP1 ALB PEX19 KCNJ11 ABHD5 LMNA PHKA2 GYS2 ABCA1 GLA MC4R SYNE2 LMNA SLC25A13 IRF5 PLA2G7 CTRC APOA1 EBP PPARG SLC25A13 AGL SPINK1 DLD
Insulin resistance
Genes 122
LIPC KCNJ11 HNF1A GCGR STAT3 BSCL2 HSD3B2 ABCC8 AGPAT2 INS LMNA LMNB2 LMNA PDX1 ABCC8 ABCC8 INS CAV1 FOS ZMPSTE24 LMNA HYMAI LIPE BSCL2 CIDEC PLIN1 PPARG HYMAI CAV1 XRCC4 ADCY3 SLC2A2 CEP19 IGFALS LMNA MAPK8IP1 TCF7L2 DBH NEUROD1 NSMCE2 AKT2 PPARG XRCC4 IGF1 GATA6 NEUROD1 GCK AKT2 POLD1 PAX4 BSCL2 ALMS1 LMNA PDX1 PMM2 KCNJ11 HNF1A PTF1A HYMAI PLAGL1 HNF1B KLF11 NSMCE2 PIK3R1 BLK LIPE KCNJ11 GPD2 HMGA1 CEL INSR INSR ZFP57 CAV1 LEP ABCC8 SLC12A3 SLC30A8 EIF2AK3 LMNA GCK PDX1 RETN PDX1 CAVIN1 HNF4A IRS1 PIK3R1 ZFP57 PLAGL1 LEPR KCNJ11 ZMPSTE24 GCK MFN2 WFS1 ALMS1 APPL1 DCAF17 ABCC8 PAX4 ZMPSTE24 HSD11B1 AGPAT2 ENPP1 IRS2 HNF4A WRN PTPN1 PPP1R3A LMNA PAX4 PPARG IGF2BP2 KCNJ11 LMNA MTNR1B CLCNKB PPARG CAVIN1 EIF2AK3 CYP19A1
Polycystic ovaries
Genes 81
SRY LIPE CYB5A NR0B1 INSR GTF2I ATM DMRT1 AKT1 BAZ1B HNF1A CLIP2 BSCL2 SRY LMNB2 SDHC MAP3K1 HSD3B2 CORIN LMNA AGPAT2 NR0B1 MMP2 ELN CBX2 FSHR FOS NR5A1 STOX1 RFC2 CAVIN1 ANTXR2 CYP11B1 CIDEC CYP17A1 STK11 PLIN1 GNAS SOX3 MMP14 KLLN CAV1 SDHD WT1 SEC23B PTEN PIK3CA POR TBL2 LMNA NR5A1 GTF2IRD1 SOX9 SOX9 LMNA PPARG ESR1 PTEN AGPAT2 MSX1 SOX9 AKT2 NR5A1 CYP17A1 LMNA BSCL2 ALMS1 PPARG LMNA FLT1 SDHB SRY LIMK1 POR PTEN PRKAR1A PPARG DHH SETD2 CYP19A1 AKT1