SNPMiner Trials by Shray Alag


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Report for Mutation K101E

Developed by Shray Alag, 2020.
SNP Clinical Trial Gene

There are 9 clinical trials

Clinical Trials


1 A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial Of A Novel CCR5 Antagonist, UK-427,857, In Combination With Zidovudine/Lamivudine Versus Efavirenz In Combination With Zidovudine/Lamivudine For The Treatment Of Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-1 Infected Subjects

Maraviroc (UK-427,857), a selective and reversible CCR5 coreceptor antagonist, has been shown to be active in vitro against a wide range of clinical isolates (including those resistant to existing classes). In HIV-1 infected patients, maraviroc (UK-427,857) given as monotherapy for 10 days reduced HIV-1 viral load by up to 1.6 log, consistent with currently available agents. Safety and toleration have been studied in over 400 subjects for up to 28 days at 300 mg twice daily. No significant effects were seen on the QTc interval. The goal of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of maraviroc (UK-427,857) versus efavirenz, when each are combined with two other antiretroviral agents, in patients who are previously naive to antiretroviral therapy. This study will involve approximately 200 centers from around the world to achieve a total randomized subject population of 1071 subjects. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: maraviroc (UK-427,857) 300 mg once daily added to zidovudine/lamivudine (300 mg/150 mg twice daily), Maraviroc (UK-427,857) 300 mg twice daily added to zidovudine/lamivudine (300 mg/150 mg twice daily) or efavirenz (600 mg once daily) added to zidovudine/lamivudine (300 mg/150 mg twice daily). The study will enroll over approximately an 18 month period (5 months Phase 2b run-in, 13 months Phase 3) with 96 weeks of treatment. This may be extended for an additional 3 years depending on the results at 96 weeks. Physical examinations will be performed at study entry, weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96. Blood samples will also be taken at study entry, weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96. Additionally, blood samples will be drawn twice, at least 30 minutes apart, at weeks 2 and 48 for maraviroc (UK-427,857) pharmacokinetic analysis. As part of this clinical study a blood sample will be taken for non-anonymized pharmacogenetic analysis. Patients will undergo a 12-lead electrocardiogram at study entry, weeks 24, 48 and 96. A computerized tomography (CT) scan will also be performed, at selected centers, at study entry and week 96. Patients will be asked to complete a symptom distress questionnaire at study entry, weeks 12, 24, 48 and 96.

NCT00098293 HIV-1 Drug: Maraviroc + Zidovudine/Lamivudine Drug: Efavirenz + Zidovudine/Lamivudine Drug: Maraviroc (UK-427,857) + Zidovudine/Lamivudine

Efavirenz mutation:lysine to aspargine at r103(K103N);tyrosine to cysteine/isoleucine at r181(Y181C/I);tyrosine to cysteine/leucine/histidine at r188(Y188C/L/H);glycine to alanine/serine at r190(G190A/S);valine to alanine to r106(V106A);leucine to isoleucine at r100(L100I);alanine to glycine at r98(A98G);lysine to glutamic acid at r101(K101E);valine to isoleucine at r108(V108I);proline to histidine at r225(P225H);methionine to leucine at r230(M230L).. Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Levels Less Than 50 Copies/mL at Week 48 and Week 96 by Overall Susceptibility Score (OSS) at Screening. --- K103N --- --- Y181C --- --- Y188C --- --- G190A --- --- V106A --- --- L100I --- --- A98G --- --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Percentage of Participants With Viral Load of Less Than 400 Copies/Milliliter [Copies/mL] and Less Than 50 Copies/mL of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at Week 48 for Full Analysis Set (FAS) Population

Time: Week 48

Description: Percentage of participants with viral load of less than 400 copies/mL and less than 50 copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA were not analyzed for participants originally randomized to maraviroc once daily arm since after termination, focus was shifted from efficacy and safety to only safety as reflected in the abbreviated set of efficacy measures noted in the amended planned analysis.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With Viral Load of Less Than 400 Copies/mL and Less Than 50 Copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA at Week 48 for Per Protocol (PP) Population

Time: Week 48

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Levels of Less Than 400 Copies/mL and Less Than 50 Copies/mL at Week 48 Analyzed Using Logistic Regression

Time: Week 48

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Levels of Less Than 400 Copies/mL and Less Than 50 Copies/mL at Week 96 Analyzed Using Logistic Regression

Time: Week 96

Description: Change from baseline in log 10-transformed plasma viral load (HIV-1 RNA) levels (log10 copies/mL). Baseline value calculated as average of pre-dose measurements collected at screening, randomization, and immediately pre-dose.

Measure: Change From Baseline in Log 10-transformed Plasma Viral Load (HIV-1 RNA) Levels at Week 48 and 96

Time: Baseline, Week 48, Week 96

Description: TAD from baseline was calculated as area under the curve (AUC) of HIV-1 RNA load (log10 copies/mL) divided by time period minus baseline HIV-1 RNA load (log10 copies/mL). Baseline value calculated as average of pre-dose measurements collected at screening, randomization, and immediately pre-dose. Data not analyzed for participants originally randomized to maraviroc once daily arm since after termination, focus was shifted from efficacy and safety to only safety as reflected in the abbreviated set of efficacy measures noted in the amended planned analysis.

Measure: Time-Averaged Difference (TAD) in log10-transformed HIV-1 RNA Levels

Time: Baseline up to Week 48 and Week 96

Description: Baseline value calculated as the average of pre-dose measurements collected at screening and immediately pre-dose.

Measure: Change From Baseline in Lymphocyte Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) Count at Week 48 and 96

Time: Baseline, Week 48, Week 96

Description: Baseline value calculated as the average of pre-dose measurements collected at screening and immediately pre-dose. Change from baseline in lymphocyte CD8 count at Week 48 and 96 was not analyzed for participants originally randomized to maraviroc once daily arm since after termination, focus was shifted from efficacy and safety to only safety as reflected in the abbreviated set of efficacy measures noted in the amended planned analysis.

Measure: Change From Baseline in Lymphocyte Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) Count at Week 48 and 96

Time: Baseline, Week 48, Week 96

Description: Time to virologic failure based on observed HIV-1 RNA levels and failure events (death;permanent discontinuation of drug;lost to follow-up [LTFU];new anti-retroviral drug added [except background drug change to drug of same class];or on open label for early non-response or rebound). Failure:at Time 0 if level not <400 copies/mL(2 consecutive visits) before events or last available visit;at time of earliest event if level <400 copies/mL(2 consecutive visits);failure if level >=400 copies/mL(2 consecutive visits) or 1 visit >=400 copies/mL followed by permanent discontinuation of drug or LTFU.

Measure: Time to Virologic Failure

Time: Week 48, Week 96

Description: Number of participants per tropism status (C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 {CCR5} [R5], C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 {CXCR4} [X4], Dual/mixed [DM], or Non-reportable/Non-phenotypable [NR/NP]) at baseline and time of treatment failure analyzed through week 48 visit. Treatment failure: discontinuation due to insufficient clinical response. Tropism result was censored for participants with viral load <500 copies/mL at time of treatment failure categorized as below lower limit of quantification (BLQ). The assessment for time of treatment failure was defined as last on treatment assessment.

Measure: Number of Participants Per Tropism Status at Baseline and at the Time of Treatment Failure Through Week 48

Time: Baseline, time of failure through Week 48

Description: Number of participants per tropism status (R5, X4, DM, or NR/NP) at baseline and time of treatment failure analyzed through week 96 visit. Treatment failure defined as insufficient clinical response. Tropism result was censored for participants with viral load <500 copies/mL at time of treatment failure categorized as BLQ. The assessment for time of treatment failure was defined as last on treatment assessment.

Measure: Number of Participants Per Tropism Status at Baseline and at the Time of Treatment Failure Through Week 96

Time: Baseline, time of failure through Week 96

Description: Phenotypic resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) assessed at screening by Monogram Bioscience PhenoSense genotype (MBPSGT) assay, repeated if viral load >500 copies/mL at treatment failure through week 48, 96. Phenotypic resistance to maraviroc was assumed in maraviroc treatment failures with X4-using virus and in R5 maraviroc treatment failures using Monogram Bioscience PhenoSense Entry Assay. Phenotypic resistance to zidovudine, lamivudine, efavirenz and maraviroc at time of failure was summarized.

Measure: Number of Participants With Phenotypic Resistance at Time of Treatment Failure Through Week 48 and 96

Time: Screening, time of failure through Week 48, Week 96

Description: Genotypic resistance to NRTIs was assessed by identification of relevant mutations at screening using MBPSGT assay and repeated for all participants with HIV-1 viral load more than 500 copies/mL at treatment failure through week 48 and week 96. Following mutations associated with NRTIs were summarized at time of failure: Any zidovudine/lamivudine (Zid/Lam), Any thymidine analogue-associated mutation (TAM), methionine (M) to valine/isoleucine (V/I) substitution at residue (r) 184 (M184V/I), lysine (K) to arginine (R) substitution at residue 65 (K65R) and any other NRTI mutations.

Measure: Number of Participants With NRTI Associated Mutations at Time of Treatment Failure Through Week 48 and 96

Time: Screening, time of failure through Week 48, Week 96

Description: Genotypic resistance: mutations at screening by MBPSGT assay, repeated if viral load >500 copies/mL at treatment failure through week 48, 96. Efavirenz mutation:lysine to aspargine at r103(K103N);tyrosine to cysteine/isoleucine at r181(Y181C/I);tyrosine to cysteine/leucine/histidine at r188(Y188C/L/H);glycine to alanine/serine at r190(G190A/S);valine to alanine to r106(V106A);leucine to isoleucine at r100(L100I);alanine to glycine at r98(A98G);lysine to glutamic acid at r101(K101E);valine to isoleucine at r108(V108I);proline to histidine at r225(P225H);methionine to leucine at r230(M230L).

Measure: Number of Participants With Efavirenz Associated Mutations at Time of Treatment Failure Through Week 48 and 96

Time: Screening, time of failure through Week 48, Week 96

Description: Association between baseline resistance and virological response was assessed as percentage of participants with HIV-1RNA levels less than 50 copies/mL by OSS at screening. OSS categorized as 0, 1, 2, >3 (maximum value of 6) and calculated as the sum of the net assessment of in-vitro phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility using a binary scoring system (0= resistant, 1= sensitive or susceptible) for each antiretroviral agent in OBT. Higher scores indicate greater susceptibility.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Levels Less Than 50 Copies/mL at Week 48 and Week 96 by Overall Susceptibility Score (OSS) at Screening

Time: Baseline, Week 48, Week 96

Other Outcomes

Measure: Percentage of Participants With Viral Load of Less Than 400 Copies/mL and Less Than 50 Copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA at Week 96

Time: Week 96

2 Antiretroviral Activity and Tolerability of Once Daily Etravirine in Treatment-Naïve Adults With HIV-1 Infection

The main study is a single arm, open-label, prospective study to assess antiretroviral activity and tolerability of etravirine (TMC-125) 400 mg once daily, given with fixed-dose tenofovir/emtricitabine, in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected men and women. There are also a genital secretions pharmacokinetic (PK) sub-study and a metabolic sub-study. The purpose of the genital secretions PK sub-study is to gain information about drug levels and HIV-1 RNA in genital secretions when subjects are taking etravirine. The purpose of the metabolic sub-study is to learn about the effects of etravirine on body composition, as well as lipid and glucose levels.

NCT00959894 HIV Infections Drug: Etravirine (Intelence) Drug: Truvada
MeSH: Infection Communicable Diseases HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Any of the following nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P/Q, K103H/S/T, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138A/G/K/Q, V179D/E/F/G/I/T, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C/L, M230I/L, P236L, K238N/T, K103N. --- V90I --- --- A98G --- --- L100I --- --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The primary study endpoint was the proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 24 of study participation. The per-protocol primary analysis was conducted intention-to-treat, with missing evaluations counted as failures. Achievement of HIV-1 viral load below 50 copies/ml was defined as having HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml during the Week 24 analysis window (>18 and <30 weeks post-entry).

Measure: The Antiretroviral Activity of Etravirine 400 mg Given Once Daily, With Fixed-dose Truvada Once Daily, Among Treatment-naïve HIV-1 Infected Adults as Measured by the Percentage of Participants With HIV RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 24

Time: 24 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Description: This secondary outcome assessed the proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 48 of study treatment. The per-protocol analysis was conducted intention-to-treat, with missing evaluations counted as failures.

Measure: The Proportion of Participants With HIV RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: 48 weeks

Description: This secondary outcome assessed the proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 96 of study treatment. The per-protocol analysis was conducted intention-to-treat, with missing evaluations counted as failures.

Measure: The Proportion of Participants With HIV RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: 96 weeks

Description: This secondary outcome assessed the proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml at Week 24 of study treatment. The per-protocol analysis was conducted intention-to-treat, with missing evaluations counted as failures.

Measure: The Proportion of Participants With HIV RNA <200 Copies/mL at Week 24 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: 24 weeks

Description: This secondary outcome assessed the proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml at Week 48 of study treatment. The per-protocol analysis was conducted intention-to-treat, with missing evaluations counted as failures.

Measure: The Proportion of Participants With HIV RNA <200 Copies/mL at Week 48 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: 48 weeks

Description: This secondary outcome assessed the proportion of participants who achieved HIV-1 RNA 200 copies/ml at Week 96 of study treatment. The per-protocol analysis was conducted intention-to-treat, with missing evaluations counted as failures.

Measure: The Proportion of Participants With HIV RNA <200 Copies/mL at Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: 96 weeks

Description: The per-protocol analysis of change in CD4+ cell count from baseline to Week 24 was calculated using the measurement closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and quantified with an estimated median and distribution-free 95% confidence interval (CI).

Measure: Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 24 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 24 weeks

Description: The per-protocol intention-to-treat analysis of change in CD4+ cell count from baseline to Week 48 was calculated using the measurement closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and quantified with an estimated median and distribution-free 95% CI.

Measure: Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 48 weeks

Description: The per-protocol intention-to-treat analysis of change in CD4+ cell count from baseline to Week 96 was calculated using the measurement closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and quantified with an estimated median and distribution-free 95% CI.

Measure: Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 96 weeks

Description: Per-protocol, genotype testing was conducted at confirmation of virologic failure if the confirmatory HIV-1 RNA was above the laboratory-specified threshold of 500 copies/mL. HIV-1 genotype was determined using the TRUGENE® HIV-1 assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY)

Measure: Resistance Mutations in the Subset of Patients With Confirmed Virologic Failure Who Have HIV RNA >500 Copies/mL and Genotype Resistance Results

Time: 96 weeks

Description: The safety/tolerability endpoint was defined as the first grade 3 or higher sign, symptom or laboratory abnormality that was at least one grade higher than baseline among participants ever exposed to etravirine (regardless of treatment status), or permanent discontinuation of etravirine due to any toxicity (regardless of grade). Modification of tenofovir/emtricitabine was not a safety/tolerability event. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the proportion of participants ever exposed to etravirine who remained event-free through Week 96, with a 95% CI using Greenwood's variance estimate and a log-log transformation. Time was handled as continuous (weeks from treatment start to event or censoring).

Measure: Tolerability of Etravirine in HIV-1 Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy

Time: 96 weeks

Description: The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the proportion of participants ever exposed to etravirine who remained event-free through Week 96, with a 95% CI using Greenwood's variance estimate and a log-log transformation. Time was handled as continuous (weeks from treatment start to event or censoring).

Measure: Probability of Remaining Free of a Safety/Tolerability Event at 96 Weeks

Time: 96 weeks

Description: Metabolic data analyses were conducted as-treated. Changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose from baseline to follow-up were calculated using the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the median and inter-quartile range.

Measure: Change in the Lipid Profile and Glucose Metabolism, in a Subgroup of up to 40 Participants, From Baseline to Week 24 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 24 weeks

Description: Metabolic data analyses were conducted as-treated. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and was calculated as [fasting insulin (µU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5. Changes from baseline to follow-up were calculated using the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the median and inter-quartile range.

Measure: Change in Glucose Metabolism (Insulin Resistance), in a Subgroup of up to 40 Participants, From Baseline to Week 24 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 24 weeks

Description: Metabolic data analyses were conducted as-treated. Changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose from baseline to follow-up were calculated using the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the median and inter-quartile range.

Measure: Change in the Lipid Profile and Glucose Metabolism, in a Subgroup of up to 40 Participants, From Baseline to Week 48 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 48 weeks

Description: Metabolic data analyses were conducted as-treated. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and was calculated as [fasting insulin (µU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5. Changes from baseline to follow-up were calculated using the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the median and inter-quartile range.

Measure: Change in Glucose Metabolism (Insulin Resistance), in a Subgroup of up to 40 Participants, From Baseline to Week 48 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 48 weeks

Description: Metabolic data analyses were conducted as-treated. Changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose from baseline to follow-up were calculated using the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the median and inter-quartile range. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and was calculated as [fasting insulin (µU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5.

Measure: Change in the Lipid Profile and Glucose Metabolism, in a Subgroup of up to 40 Participants, From Baseline to Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 96 weeks

Description: Metabolic data analyses were conducted as-treated. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and was calculated as [fasting insulin (µU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5. Changes from baseline to follow-up were calculated using the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the median and inter-quartile range.

Measure: Change in Glucose Metabolism (Insulin Resistance), in a Subgroup of up to 40 Participants, From Baseline to Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 96 weeks

Description: Changes from baseline to follow-up in limb fat, trunk fat, total body fat, and lean mass were calculated. Whole body Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans (Hologic Discovery W, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) were conducted at baseline, Week 24, and Week 96 to assess body fat distribution. Calculations of change from baseline to follow-up used the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the estimated median and distribution-free 95% CI.

Measure: Change in Limb and Trunk Fat Distribution as Measured by DEXA Scan, in the Same Subgroup of up to 40 Participants (as in Aim 8), From Baseline to Week 24 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 24 weeks

Description: Changes from baseline to follow-up in limb fat, trunk fat, total body fat, and lean mass were calculated. Whole body Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans (Hologic Discovery W, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) were conducted at baseline, Week 24, and Week 96 to assess body fat distribution. Calculations of change from baseline to follow-up used the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the estimated median and distribution-free 95% CI.

Measure: Change in Limb and Trunk Fat Distribution as Measured by DEXA Scan, in the Same Subgroup of up to 40 Participants (as in Aim 8), From Baseline to Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 96 weeks

Description: Change from baseline to follow-up in fat mass ratio was calculated. Whole body Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans (Hologic Discovery W, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) were conducted at baseline, Week 24, and Week 96 to assess body fat distribution. Fat mass ratio was calculated as the ratio of trunk fat percentage and lower limb fat percentage (% trunk fat mass / % lower limb fat mass). Calculations of change from baseline to follow-up used the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the estimated median and distribution-free 95% CI.

Measure: Change in Fat Mass Ratio as Measured by DEXA Scan, in the Same Subgroup of up to 40 Participants (as in Aim 8), From Baseline to Week 24 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 24 weeks

Description: This secondary outcome measure assessed the ratio of semen:plasma concentration of etravirine in paired semen and plasma samples collected from 14 male participants at Week 4 of treatment with etravirine and fixed dose tenofovir/emtricitabine.

Measure: Pharmacokinetics of Etravirine in Genital Secretions of up to 10 Men and up to 10 Women at Week 4 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: 4 weeks

Description: Change from baseline to follow-up in fat mass ratio was calculated. Whole body Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans (Hologic Discovery W, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) were conducted at baseline, Week 24, and Week 96 to assess body fat distribution. Fat mass ratio was calculated as the ratio of trunk fat percentage and lower limb fat percentage (% trunk fat mass / % lower limb fat mass). Calculations of change from baseline to follow-up used the value closest to schedule and within the analysis window, and were quantified with the estimated median and distribution-free 95% CI.

Measure: Change in Fat Mass Ratio as Measured by DEXA Scan, in the Same Subgroup of up to 40 Participants (as in Aim 8), From Baseline to Week 96 of Treatment With Etravirine and Fixed-dose Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Time: Baseline to 96 weeks

Description: Population pharmacokinetics were calculated using sparse sampling. Plasma concentrations of etravirine measured in samples from participants who provided blood samples at multiple study visits, with variation in sampling times relative to dosing of etravirine used to cover the spectrum of the dosing schedule. Model simulations and fitting were performed with NONMEM ® 7.3. (ICON, plc) and model exploration was performed with Berkeley Madonna (Berkeley, CA, USA)

Measure: Population Pharmacokinetics of Etravirine 400 mg Once Daily, in Combination With Fixed-dose Emtricitabine-tenofovir Among Treatment-naïve HIV-1 Infected Adults

Time: At or after 4 weeks

Description: Population pharmacokinetics were calculated using sparse sampling. Plasma concentrations of etravirine measured in samples from participants who provided blood samples at multiple study visits, with variation in sampling times relative to dosing of etravirine used to cover the spectrum of the dosing schedule. Model simulations and fitting were performed with NONMEM ® 7.3. (ICON, plc) and model exploration was performed with Berkeley Madonna (Berkeley, CA, USA)

Measure: Population Pharmacokinetics of Etravirine 400 mg Once Daily, in Combination With Fixed-dose Emtricitabine-tenofovir Among Treatment-naïve HIV-1 Infected Adults: Etravirine AUC-24 Hours at Steady State

Time: At or after 4 weeks

3 A Phase 3B, Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Tablet Regimen of Emtricitabine/Rilpivirine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Compared With a Single Tablet Regimen of Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in HIV-1 Infected, Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Adults

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the emtricitabine (FTC)/rilpivirine (RPV)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) single-tablet regimen (STR) compared with the efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF STR in HIV-1 infected adults who had not previously received treatment with antiretroviral medications. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive one of the study treatments. Randomization was stratified by HIV-1 RNA level (≤ 100,000 copies/mL or > 100,000 copies/mL) at screening. A treatment duration of 96 weeks was planned, with the option for subjects in FTC/RPV/TDF STR arm to receive treatment following the Week 96 visit until FTC/RPV/TDF STR is commercially available or until Gilead Sciences elects to terminate development in that country.

NCT01309243 HIV-1 Infection Drug: FTC/RPV/TDF Drug: EFV/FTC/TDF

Subsequent to the first resistance testing, subjects experiencing repeated confirmed virologic failure were assessed for resistance retesting on a case-by-case basis.. Inclusion Criteria: - Ability to understand and sign a written informed consent form - Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels ≥ 2,500 copies/mL at screening - No prior use of any approved or experimental anti-HIV drug for any length of time - Screening genotype report showing sensitivity to EFV, FTC, TDF, and lack of the RPV mutations K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, Y181C/I/V, and H221Y - Normal ECG - Hepatic transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) ≤ 5 x the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) - Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, or normal direct bilirubin - Adequate hematologic function - Serum amylase ≤ 5 x ULN (participants with serum amylase > 5 x ULN remained eligible if serum lipase was ≤ 5 x ULN) - Adequate renal function - Males and Females of childbearing potential must have agreed to utilize highly effective contraception methods (two separate forms of contraception, one of which must be an effective barrier method, or be non-heterosexually active, practice sexual abstinence or have a vasectomized partner) from screening throughout the duration of study period and for 12 weeks following the last dose of study drug. --- K101E ---

- Had been treated with immunosuppressant therapies or chemotherapeutic agents within 3 months of study screening, or expected to receive these agents or systemic steroids for immunosuppression during the study (eg, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, and other immune-based or cytokine-based therapies) - Had any other clinical condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would have made the participant unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the dosing requirements Inclusion Criteria: - Ability to understand and sign a written informed consent form - Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels ≥ 2,500 copies/mL at screening - No prior use of any approved or experimental anti-HIV drug for any length of time - Screening genotype report showing sensitivity to EFV, FTC, TDF, and lack of the RPV mutations K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, Y181C/I/V, and H221Y - Normal ECG - Hepatic transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) ≤ 5 x the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) - Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, or normal direct bilirubin - Adequate hematologic function - Serum amylase ≤ 5 x ULN (participants with serum amylase > 5 x ULN remained eligible if serum lipase was ≤ 5 x ULN) - Adequate renal function - Males and Females of childbearing potential must have agreed to utilize highly effective contraception methods (two separate forms of contraception, one of which must be an effective barrier method, or be non-heterosexually active, practice sexual abstinence or have a vasectomized partner) from screening throughout the duration of study period and for 12 weeks following the last dose of study drug. --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Week 48 was analyzed using the US FDA snapshot algorithm. The snapshot algorithm defines a patient's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48

Time: Week 48

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Week 96 was analyzed using the US FDA snapshot algorithm.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 96

Time: Baseline to Week 96

Measure: Change From Baseline in CD4 Cell Count at Week 48

Time: Baseline to Week 48

Measure: Change From Baseline in CD4 Cell Count at Week 96

Time: Baseline to Week 96

Measure: Change From Baseline in Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 48

Time: Baseline to Week 48

Measure: Change From Baseline in Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol at Week 48

Time: Baseline to Week 48

Measure: Change From Baseline in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol at Week 48

Time: Baseline to Week 48

Measure: Change From Baseline in Fasting Triglycerides at Week 48

Time: Baseline to Week 48

Description: Participants who experienced either suboptimal virologic response or virologic rebound were considered to have virologic failure and were analyzed for resistance. Suboptimal virologic response was assessed at Week 8 and was defined as having HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL and < 1-log10 reduction from baseline at the Week 8 visit, which was confirmed at the subsequent visit. Virologic rebound was defined as having 2 consecutive visits with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 400 copies/mL after achieving HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL, or as having 2 consecutive visits with > 1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from their nadir. In addition, subjects who were on study drugs, had not been analyzed previously, and who had HIV-1 RNA ≥ 400 copies/mL at Week 48, Week 96, or their last visit (at or after Week 8) were also analyzed for resistance at their last visit. Subsequent to the first resistance testing, subjects experiencing repeated confirmed virologic failure were assessed for resistance retesting on a case-by-case basis.

Measure: Development of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Through Week 96, All Participants

Time: Baseline to Week 96

Description: Resistance Analysis Set: participants with either suboptimal virologic response or virologic rebound were considered to have virologic failure and were analyzed. Suboptimal virologic response was assessed at Week 8 and was defined as having HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL and < 1-log10 reduction from baseline at the Week 8 visit, which was confirmed at the subsequent visit. Virologic rebound was defined as having 2 consecutive visits with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 400 copies/mL after achieving HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL, or as having 2 consecutive visits with > 1 log10 increase in HIV-1 RNA from their nadir. In addition, subjects who were on study drugs, had not been analyzed previously, and who had HIV-1 RNA ≥ 400 copies/mL at Week 48, Week 96, or their last visit (at or after Week 8) were also analyzed for resistance at their last visit. Subsequent to the first resistance testing, subjects experiencing repeated confirmed virologic failure were assessed for resistance retesting on a case-by-case basis.

Measure: Development of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Through Week 96, Participants With Viral Resistance

Time: Baseline to Week 96

4 A Phase IV, Open-label Single-arm Study Investigating the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Antiretroviral Combination of Rilpivirine and Ritonavirboosted Darunavir in Therapy-naive HIV-1 Infected Patients.

For patients who are starting to take antiretroviral medication (to treat HIV) for the first time, there are now a variety of different medicines which may be taken together as a combination in order to form an effective treatment which suppresses the virus for prolonged periods of time. Currently, national guidelines recommend the use of two different drugs of one type (the nucleoside/ nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NRTI often known as "nukes") with a third drug from one of two other types (either a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, known as an NNRTI or "nonnuke", or a protease inhibitor, known as a PI) to form a treatment regime of three active drugs. In the UK and Europe, all PIs are given in combination with a small dose of a second PI, ritonavir, which has the effect of boosting the levels of the active PI in the bloodstream. The investigators know from both research studies and patient experience in clinic that a combination of a ritonavirboosted PI with an NNRTI achieves similar results in suppressing the HIV virus, compared to the use of either a PI or NNRTI with 2 NRTI as described above. In this study, the investigators will observe the combination of two licensed antiretroviral medications, ritonavirboosted darunavir(DRV/r) and rilpivirine (RPV), in suppressing virus when given to patients who are commencing treatment for HIV infection for the first time. Both of these drugs are licensed for treatment of patients with HIV in the UK and Europe, and are currently in standard clinical use. The study will monitor this treatment over the first 48 weeks. The investigators will also examine the levels of both drugs in the bloodstream during the first 4 weeks of starting this regimen, to confirm that they remain at levels which the investigators know to be effective against the virus.

NCT01736761 HIV Drug: Darunavir, Ritonavir and Rilpivirine

- Disallowed concomitant medication as per the summary of product characteristics for darunavir or rilpivirine (see section 5.2). - Any genotypic resistance mutations on screening or prior tests to darunavir (V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, I54L, T74P, L76V, I84V and L89V) or rilpivirine (K101E, K101P, E138A, E138G, E138K, E138R, E138Q, V179L, Y181C, Y181I, Y181V, H221Y, F227C, M230I, and M230L). --- V11I --- --- V32I --- --- L33F --- --- I47V --- --- I50V --- --- I54M --- --- I54L --- --- T74P --- --- L76V --- --- I84V --- --- L89V --- --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: To describe the rate of virologic suppression after 48 weeks of therapy with the study regime. This will be measured by the proportion of patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤ 40 copies/mL at week 48

Measure: Virologic suppression after 48 weeks of therapy with the study regime

Time: 48 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The proportion of enrolled patients with a reduction from baseline in HIV-1 RNA >1 log10 copies /mL at weeks 4, 8, 12 and proportion with HIV-1 RNA ≤400 copies/mL at week 24.

Measure: To explore the virologic response to this combination rilpivirine and ritonavir-boosted darunavir at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24 of therapy.

Time: 24 weeks

Other Outcomes

Description: The PK parameters (Cmax, C24, AUC0-24, and t1/2) for darunavir, rilpivirine and ritonavir at steady-state on day 28

Measure: To investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics of darunavir, ritonavir and rilpivirine when given in combination

Time: Day 28

5 Strategic Study of Dual-therapy With Darunavir/Ritonavir and Rilpivirine QD Versus Triple-therapy in Patients With Suppressed Viral Load: Virological Efficacy and Evaluation of Non-HIV Related Morbidity.

Clinical approach to HIV infection treatment is based on the use of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) and recent national and international guidelines for guiding HIV therapy recommend the use of triple-combination therapy using antiretrovirals with 2 nucleos(t)ide inhibitors [N(n)RTI] as backbone plus a third drug to be chosen among a boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r), a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) or an integrase inhibitor (II). In spite of evident efficacy of HAART, as demonstrated by survival increasing, long term side effects, as for example the impact on renal function, remain principal problem. In patient with risk factor for renal disease, a reduction of eGRF (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) between 90 and 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 could be already considered as a risk condition [1,2]. Efficacy of HAART, with increase of media survival and the parallel decrease of mortality, has underlined the necessity to reflect on long term HAART effects [3]. There are many evidences of HAART-related toxicity that, in spite of the necessity of a life-saving therapy, focus on the additional costs of this situation, in terms of health as well as in terms of economic costs. Particular attention has been focused on the impact of some drugs on renal function, as tenofovir, especially on tubule, without forgetting the modification of lipid and bone metabolisms. According to further studies which have evidenced the potential of some recently introduced molecules [4,5], the investigators had the need to realize a study to deepen the feasibility of a dual-therapy that permit to exclude NRTIs from the backbone, with the aim to prevent NRTIs-related long-term toxicity. The investigators have designed a prospective randomized controlled trial, open-label, with a duration of 96 weeks, to compare the efficacy of a dual-therapy based on rilpivirine 25mg plus darunavir 800mg/ritonavir 100mg QD, in HIV-positive subjects with suppressed viremia from at least 3 months. In fact, there are a few data about association of these drugs, which it has been shown to be safe, well tolerated, and with a strong pharmacological synergy, without nucleos(t)idic backbone, while the necessity to minimize the costs toxicity-related is becoming increasingly compelling. According to clinical experience and literature data, the investigators hope this study shows positive results in term of immune-virological efficacy, as well as in term of decrease of VACS index - a complex parameter which has the purpose to quantify general organic decay - and markers of lipid and bone metabolism, in group which receives dual-therapy versus the group with standard therapy.

NCT01792570 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug: RPV + DRV/r Drug: continue the PI/r-containing HAART.
MeSH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV Infections

Exclusion Criteria: - Previous drug resistance genotypic test showing the presence of any RPV (RT: K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L) or DRV (protease: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M/L, T74P, L76V, I84V, L89V) resistance associated mutation (RAM), according to the November 2011 IAS-USA list; - Child-Pugh C or grade 3-4 AST or ALT values; - Acute cardiovascular event within 6 months; - AIDS event within 6 months; - Current IVDU; - HBsAg +; - Pregnancy or lactation. --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Responders: HIV+ subjects with HIV-RNA < 50 cp/mL at week 48 according to the intention-to-treat (ITT-TLOVR) approach.

Measure: HIV-RNA < 50 cp/mL

Time: Week 48

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Safety will be assessed through the number of ACTG grade III and IV in the specified safety parameters.

Measure: ACTG grade III and IV events.

Time: over 96 weeks.

6 Dolutegravir + Rilpivirine Switch Study (DORISS): Pilot and Noninferiority Trial Comparing Dolutegravir + Rilpivirine vs. Continued HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) in Patients With Plasma HIV RNA ≤ 50 Copies/mL for at Least 2 Years

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the capacity of Dolutegravir + Rilpivirine vs. continued triple combination HAART to maintain plasma HIV RNA ≤ 50 copies/ml throughout 24 weeks in patients with plasma HIV RNA ≤ 50 copies/mL for at least 2 years under conventional HAART (2 NNRTI + 3rd agent). The main secondary objectives are the following: - % of virologic success (plasma viral load ≤ 50 copies/mL) at W24 and W48 - % of patients who maintain a plasma viral load ≤ 50 copies / ml from D0 to W48 - % of virological failure defined by two consecutive plasma viral load > 50 copies/mL - Profile of genotypic resistance in case of virological failure. The trial will be conducted according to the design below, in 3 steps: - Step 1: enrollment of 80 patients (40 in each arm) - Step 2: enrollment on hold until W16 data from the 40 patients enrolled in the intervention arm have been analyzed. - Step 3: resumption and completion of enrollment if conditions for resuming enrollment at the end of step 2 are fulfilled, i.e. if the percentage of patients randomized to the intervention arm who have a plasma viral load ≤ 50 copies/mL from D0 to W16 is significantly > 70%, which translates in a maximum of 6 virologic failures.

NCT02069834 HIV Infection HAART-treated Virologically Controlled Drug: Arm 1 (intervention) Drug: Arm 2 (control)
MeSH: HIV Infections

- Plasma HIV-RNA ≤ 50 copies/mL for > 2 years - CD4 cell count > 350/mm3 for > 6 months - No prior virologic failure under an NNRTI-containing or an INSTI-containing ART regimen - No NNRTI mutation on pre-ART genotype (if no pre-ART genotype available: no NNRTI mutation on DNA genotype at screening) among the following: K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R/S, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, M230I/L/V, L100I + K103N/S, L100I +K103R +V179D. --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Pilot phase: Percentage of patients with plasma viral load ≤ 50 copies HIV-RNA/ml from D0 (Day 0) to W16 (Week 16)

Time: Week 16

Measure: Non-inferiority phase: Percentage of patients with plasma HIV RNA maintained ≤ 50 copies/mL throughout 24 weeks

Time: Week 24

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Percentage of patients with plasma viral load ≤50 HIV RNA copies/mL at Week 24 and Week 48

Time: Week 48

Measure: Percentage of patients with plasma viral load ≤50 HIV RNA copies/mL from Day 0 to Week 48

Time: Week 48

Measure: Percentage of virologic failure, defined as 2 consecutive plasma HIV RNA > 50 copies/mL

Time: Week 48

Measure: Measure of the profile of genotypic resistance in plasma in case of virologic failure

Time: Week 48

Measure: Percentage of patients who discontinued or changed the strategy of the study

Time: Week 48

Description: Evolution of the HIV-DNA between Day 0 and week 48

Measure: Measure of the HIV-DNA between day 0 and week 48

Time: W48

Description: Evolution of CD4 lymphocytes (average) at Week 24 compared to Day 0

Measure: Measure of CD4 lymphocytes at week 24 compared to day 0

Time: Week 24

Description: Evolution of CD4 lymphocytes (average) at Week 48 compared to Day0

Measure: Measure of CD4 lymphocytes at Week 48 compared to Day 0

Time: Week 48

Description: Adverse events : incidence, grade and relation to study medication of all adverse events, of grade 2 to 4 events

Measure: Number of patients with adverse events of grade 2 to 4

Time: Week 48

Description: Mean changes in serum plasma lipid parameters at Week 24 compared to Day 0

Measure: Measure of changes in serum plasma lipid parameters at week 24 compared to Day 0

Time: Week 24

Description: Mean changes in serum plasma lipid parameters at Week 48 compared to Day 0

Measure: Measure of changes in serum lipid parameters at week 48 to Day 0

Time: Week 48

Description: Changes in fat mass distribution at Week 24 compared to Day 0

Measure: Measure of changes in fat mass distribution at week 24 compared to Day 0

Time: Week 24

Description: Changes in fat mass distribution at Week 48 compared to Day 0

Measure: Measure of changes in fat mass distribution at Week 48 compared to Day 0

Time: Week 48

Description: Evolution of adherence to treatment at Week 24 compared to Day 0 assessed by a validated questionnaire

Measure: Measure of adherence to treatment at Week 24 compared to Day 0

Time: Week 24

Description: Evolution of adherence to treatment at Week 48 compared to Day 0 assessed by a validated questionnaire

Measure: Measure of adherence to treatment at Week 48 compared to Day 0

Time: Week 48

Description: Assessment of patient satisfaction for their treatment at D0 by questionnaire

Measure: Measure of patient satisfaction for their treatment at Day 0

Time: Day 0

Description: Assessment of patient satisfaction for their treatment at Week 24 by questionnaire

Measure: Measure of patient satisfaction for their treatment at Week 24

Time: Week 24

Description: Assessment of patient satisfaction for their treatment at Week 48 by questionnaire

Measure: Measure of patient satisfaction for their treatment at Week 48

Time: Week 48

Description: Changes in plasma biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP and IL-6) and immune activation (sCD14 , MCP -1, IP10 ) at Week 24 compared to Day 0 .

Measure: Measure of changes in plasma biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP and IL-6) and immune activation (sCD14 , MCP -1, IP10 ) at Week 24 compared to Day 0 .

Time: Week 24

Description: Changes in plasma biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP and IL-6) and immune activation (sCD14 , MCP -1, IP10 ) at Week 48 compared to Day 0 .

Measure: Measure of changes in plasma biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP and IL-6) and immune activation (sCD14 , MCP -1, IP10 ) at Week 48 compared to Day 0 .

Time: Week 48

Description: Analysis PK (PharmacoKinetic) / PD (Pharmaodynamic) of plasma concentrations of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine measured at Week 4

Measure: Measure of plasma concentrations of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine measured at Week 4

Time: Week 4

Description: Analysis PK / PD of plasma concentrations of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine measured at Week 24

Measure: Measure of plasma concentrations of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine measured at Week 24

Time: Week 24

Measure: Measure of the profile of genotypic resistance in plasma in case of virologic failure

Time: Week 24

Measure: Percentage of virologic failure, defined as 2 consecutive plasma HIV RNA > 50 copies/mL

Time: Week 24

7 Effect of SwitChing AtriPla to Eviplera on Neurocognitive and Emotional Functioning, ESCAPE Study

This study will evaluate the effects of switching Atripla to Eviplera on neurocognition measured by neuropsychological testing and functional MRI

NCT02308332 Neurocognitive Decline HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Drug: Eviplera
MeSH: Neurocognitive Disorders

Differences in mean changes between baseline and end of study, as well as between the two study groups will be calculated using a paired T-test.. Inclusion Criteria: - Male, between 30 and 50 years - HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL on screening visit - on Atripla continuously for ≥6 months preceding the screening visit - Have a HIV genotype prior to starting cART with Atripla with no known resistance to any of the study agents at any time in the past including, but not limited to RT mutations K65R, K101E/P, E138G/K/Q/R, Y181C/I/V, M184V/I and H221Y - Negative TPHA or VDRL < 12 months prior to the screening visit - no signs of an acute or chronic hepatitis C infection within the past 12 months before screening as defined in the Dutch guideline (Arends et al. --- K65R --- --- K101E ---

Inclusion Criteria: - Male, between 30 and 50 years - HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL on screening visit - on Atripla continuously for ≥6 months preceding the screening visit - Have a HIV genotype prior to starting cART with Atripla with no known resistance to any of the study agents at any time in the past including, but not limited to RT mutations K65R, K101E/P, E138G/K/Q/R, Y181C/I/V, M184V/I and H221Y - Negative TPHA or VDRL < 12 months prior to the screening visit - no signs of an acute or chronic hepatitis C infection within the past 12 months before screening as defined in the Dutch guideline (Arends et al. --- K65R --- --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Patients will undergo a neuropsychological test battery where multiple standardized test will be undertaken to assess 7 different domains; Verbal Fluency, Executive Functioning, Speed of Information Processing, Learning, Memory, Attention/Working Memory, Motor skills. Raw scores can be calculated per domain and as a composite score. Differences in mean changes in composite score between baseline and end of study will be assessed with a paired T-test. A p-value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Within-arm changes will be assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and between-group comparisons will be evaluated with Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariate analyses will be performed to analyse differences in the primary endpoints between the study groups.

Measure: To evaluate the neurocognitive performance as measured by neuropsychological test composite score after 12 weeks in stable HIV-infected patients switched from Atripla to Eviplera compared to a control group of patients on Atripla.

Time: 12 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The aim is to investigate if there is a correlation between improvement on neuropsychological test scores after 12 weeks of Eviplera therapy, and changes on fMRI after 12 weeks of Eviplera therapy. If there is a correlation, that means fMRI could be used to evaluate neurocognitive decline. Basically, we will asses if there is a correlation between ∆neuropsychological score and ∆fMRI-score. Because this is ordinal data, we will use a Spearman rank-order correlation to calculate a correlation-coefficient.

Measure: to assess the correlation between neurocognitive improvement (neuropsychological evaluation) and functional imaging (fMRI) after switching Atripla to Eviplera

Time: 12 weeks

Description: The aim is if an improvement in neuropsychological test scores after 12 weeks of Eviplera therapy is correlated with an improvement of quality of life. Basically, we will assess if there is a correlation between ∆neuropsychological score and ∆SF-36 total score. Because this is ordinal data, we will use a Spearman rank-order correlation to calculate a correlation-coefficient.

Measure: to evaluate correlation between neurocognitive performance and health related quality of life measured by SF-36 total score after switching from Atripla to Eviplera.

Time: 12 weeks

Measure: to assess the emotional functioning measured by HADS total score after switching Atripla to Eviplera by using a paired T-test to calculate differences in mean changes between baseline and end of study

Time: 12 weeks

Measure: to assess USER-P (total scores) after switching Atripla to Eviplera

Time: 12 weeks

Description: With this study, we want to investigate the effect of switching Efavirenz (as a component of Atripla) to Rilpivirine (as a component of Eviplera) on neurocognition. Our hypothesis is that neurocognition (as measured by neuropsychological testing scores) will improve when switching from Efavirenz (as a component of Atripla). If that is the case, hypothetically a lower or higher drug level of Efavirenz (as a component of Atripla) could have an effect on neurocognition (as measured by neuropsychological test scores). We will assess the correlation between drug level of Efavirenz or Rilpivirine and changes in neurocognitive function as measured by neuropsychological testing, and fMRI changes by regression analyses using drug levels as an independent variable and neuropsychological test scores as a dependent variable.

Measure: to assess drug levels of Efavirenz (as a component of Atripla) and Rilpivirin (as a component of Eviplera) in relation to changes in neurocognitive performance and fMRI in both patient groups.

Time: 12 weeks

Description: In our study, we will use the PROMIS instruments Anxiety, Depression, Sleep disturbance and Satisfaction with social roles and activities. These are all short forms containing 8 questions or statements. Patients are asked to rate the questions from 1-5 into which extent they believe them to be true; 1 being not at all and 5 being very much. For each short form, a score will be calculated by adding the values of the response to each question. PROMIS provides a score conversion table where the score can be translated into a T-score. This rescales the patient's score into a standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. In order to provide these results, PROMIS uses a calibration sample containing data from over 21000 respondents. Differences in mean changes between baseline and end of study, as well as between the two study groups will be calculated using a paired T-test.

Measure: to evaluate the usefulness of PROMIS instruments in HIV research

Time: 12 weeks

8 A Phase IV 48 Week, Open Label, Pilot Study of Darunavir Boosted by Cobicistat in Combination With Rilpivirine to Treat HIV+ Naïve Subjects (PREZENT)

Current HIV treatment guidelines recommend the use of triple-drug therapy (two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and either a protease inhibitor, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or an integrase inhibitor) for the treatment of antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve patients. With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), patients with HIV are living much longer. With the increasing lifespan of persons with HIV, long-term complications from therapy as well as the occurrence of co-morbidities with aging have prompted HCPs to re-think the current treatment paradigm and consider novel combinations of ARVs. All of the currently approved HIV antiretrovirals have been implicated in causing long-term toxicities; however the greatest body of evidence for long-term metabolic effects has implicated the nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI) class. By utilizing a non-NRTI treatment regimen, it is hypothesized that many of these long-term metabolic effects (renal toxicity, bone loss, body fat changes) can be delayed or avoided altogether. The clinical data on novel combinations is currently limited but rapidly growing and has included several combinations that have utilized darunavir. This study will be the first of its kind using the unique combination of darunavir/cobicistat and rilpivirine. Currently, this drug combination is not a recommended option for first time treatment of HIV

NCT02404233 HIV Positive Drug: darunavir/cobicistat Drug: rilpivirine
MeSH: HIV Seropositivity

Exclusion Criteria 1. Patient with active AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or disease according to the 1993 CDC AIDS surveillance definition (Clinical Category C) in the 30 days prior to baseline and that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude the patient from participating in the study (See Appendix C). 2. Patient has none of the following darunavir-associated RAMs: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L, I54M, T74P, L76V, I84V, L89V 3. Having documented genotypic evidence of NNRTI resistance at screening or from historical data available in the source documents, i.e. at least one of the NNRTI rams from the following list; K101E, K101P, E138A, E138G, E138K, E138R, E138Q, , V179L, Y181C, Y181I, Y181V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, M230I, M230L, or the combination of the K103N and L100I. --- V11I --- --- V32I --- --- L33F --- --- I47V --- --- I50V --- --- I54L --- --- I54M --- --- T74P --- --- L76V --- --- I84V --- --- L89V --- --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL

Time: up to weeks 48

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL at each time point evaluated

Time: At week 4, week 12, week 24, week 36, week 48

Measure: Number of weeks until HIV RNA <400 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL, respectively

Time: At week 4, week 12, week 24

9 A Phase 3b Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of 12 Weeks of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) Treatment for HIV/HCV Co-infected Subjects Who Switch to Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) or Emtricitabine/Rilpivirine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (F/R/TAF) Prior to LDV/SOF HCV Treatment, the HIV/HCV Co-STARs Study (Co-infection Treatment With Single Tablet Antiviral Regimens)

This study will evaluate efficacy of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) and safety and tolerability of switching to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) or emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/R/TAF) from the current antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and in virologically-suppressed, HIV-1/HCV co-infected participants.

NCT02707601 HIV-1 Infection HCV Infection Drug: E/C/F/TAF Drug: F/R/TAF Drug: LDV/SOF
MeSH: Infection Communicable Diseases Hepatitis C

- Plasma HIV-1 RNA level < 50 copies/mL at the screening visit - Have no documented resistance to any of the HIV study agents at time in the past, including but not limited to the reverse transcriptase resistance mutations K65R, K70E, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/R/Q, V179L, Y181C/I/V, M184V/I, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L, the combination of K103N+L100I, or 3 or more thymidine analog associated mutations (TAMs) that include M41L or L210W (TAMs are M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/N/R). --- K65R --- --- K70E --- --- K101E ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Sustained Virologic Response (SVR12) was defined as HCV RNA < the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) at 12 weeks after stopping LDV/SOF treatment.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HCV RNA < LLOQ at 12 Weeks After Discontinuation of LDV/SOF Treatment (SVR12)

Time: HCV Posttreatment Week 12

Secondary Outcomes

Description: SVR4 was defined as HCV RNA < LLOQ at 4 weeks after stopping LDV/SOF treatment.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HCV RNA < LLOQ at 4 Weeks After Discontinuation of LDV/SOF Treatment (SVR4)

Time: HCV Posttreatment Week 4

Description: The percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL 24 weeks after start of the F/TAF-based regimen were analyzed using the snapshot algorithm, which defines a participant's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time, along with study drug discontinuation status.

Measure: Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 Copies/mL (Virologic Failure) 24 Weeks After Start of the F/TAF-Based Regimen Using Modified FDA Snapshot Algorithm

Time: 24 weeks after start of HIV treatment

Measure: Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grades 1 Through 4 Adverse Events After Switch to E/C/F/TAF or F/R/TAF Throughout the Study and During Coadministeration With LDV/SOF Treatment

Time: Up to 32 weeks plus 30 days


HPO Nodes