The purpose of the study is to examine cognitive and brain function in stage I-III breast cancer patients who have undergone adjuvant systemic therapy (chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus anti-hormonal therapy) in comparison to a group of healthy controls. Our hypothesis is that systemic adjuvant therapy in the form of chemotherapy or chemotherapy and anti-hormonal therapy given to primary breast cancer patients can cause cognitive impairment. We hypothesize that the use of simultaneous PET/MRI will allow us to determine key regions in the brain that show metabolic, structural, and functional deficits in a semi-quantitative manner and reveal subtle changes that are often missed during neuropsychological tests due to the low sensitivity of neuropsychological batteries.
Description: We hope to gain a better understanding of the complex and currently poorly understood relationship between chemotherapy/anti-hormonal therapy and possible cognitive decline in patients undergoing such therapy. In current practice, a large number of patients with primary breast cancer are offered adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, followed by hormonal therapy in patients whose tumours are hormone receptor-positive. The management of many adverse effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea, vomiting and febrile neutropenia has improved, and concern has shifted to more subtle and potentially chronic problems such as cognitive dysfunction, which may affect patients' quality of life.
Measure: Change the relationship between chemotherapy/anti-hormonal therapy and possible cognitive decline in patients undergoing such therapy Time: 1 yearCase-Only
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For example, several genetic polymorphisms of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) have been identified that may influence P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function, one of the most studied polymorphisms being C3435T in exon26.P-gp which is present in the blood brain barrier affects the amount of drug uptake into the brain by actively transporting them out of the cells. --- C3435T ---