The purpose of this study is to determine the treatment effects of sequential combination of aerobic exercise and cognitive training on cognitive function, physiological markers, daily function, physical function, social participation and quality of life in stroke patients with cognitive decline. The investigators hypothesized that: (1) sequential training protocol can improve outcome measures compared to single mode of training; (2) these treatment effects will retain at 6-month follow-up.
Name: Cognitive training
Name: Aerobic exercise training
Name: Sequential combination of aerobic exercise and cognitive training
Description: The dual-task tests will be assessed to determine the ability for an individual to perform 2 tasks simultaneously. The investigators will assess the dual-task performance during walking and performing box and block test. The results of the dual-task tests will provide information regarding to whether the 2 tasks compete for the same class of neural resources or one of the tasks can be carried out automatically.
Measure: Change scores of Dual-task test Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)Description: Antioxidative markers will be used to reflect the changes on oxidative stress. In particular, we will be analyzing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
Measure: Change scores of Antioxidative marker Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)Description: HbA1C level will be tested to investigate the relationships between blood glucose level and aerobic exercise.
Measure: Change scores of Glucose indicator Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)Description: The cholesterol ratio (total cholesterol divided by high-density lipid) will be evaluated to reflect the lipid level in the blood.
Measure: Change scores of Plasma lipid level Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)Description: We will evaluate isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength using handheld dynamometer. Also, we will use hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of the affected and less affected hand while the participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.
Measure: Change scores of muscle strength Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)Allocation: Randomized
Parallel Assignment
There is one SNP
Genotyping of the BDNF val66met polymorphism. --- val66met ---